TALLER UNIDAD III Y IV

UNIDAD III

The petroleum industry includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting (often by oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing petroleum products. The largest volume products of the industry are fuel oil and gasoline (petrol). Petroleum is also the raw material for many chemical products, including pharmaceuticals, solvents, fertilizers, pesticides, and plastics. The industry is usually divided into three major components: upstream, midstream and downstream. Midstream operations are usually included in the downstream category.

Petroleum is vital to many industries, and is of importance to the maintenance of industrial civilization itself, and thus is a critical concern for many nations. Oil accounts for a large percentage of the world’s energy consumption, ranging from a low of 32% for Europe and Asia, up to a high of 53% for the Middle East.

· De acuerdo al título y la imagen, ¿cuál cree usted que es el tópico que está a punto de leer?

El tema esta realcionado con la Industria del Petroleo, explicando las etapas por las cuales tiene que pasar el crudo para su procesamiento a su materia prima.


· ¿Cuál es la idea general del texto?

Petróleo es vital para muchas industrias y es de importancia para el mantenimiento de la propia civilización industrial y por lo tanto es una preocupación para muchas naciones

· ¿Qué palabras se repiten?

Petroleum Industry, Many, And, oil


· ¿Que palabras se parecen al español?

Operations, category, transporting, petroleun, civilization


· ¿Cuáles son las palabras en negrita, el titulo, subtitulo o gráficos que te ayudan a entender el texto?

exploration, extraction, refining,petroleum products,upstream, midstream and downstream.


· ¿De qué trata el texto? Lee el primer párrafo y el último o la ultimas ideas del último párrafo.


La industria del petróleo incluye los procesos mundiales de exploración, extracción, refinación, transporte (a menudo por petroleros y tuberías) y comercialización de productos derivados del petróleo. Los productos de mayores volumen de la industria son aceite combustible y gasolina. Petróleo también es la materia prima para muchos productos químicos, incluidos los productos farmacéuticos, disolventes, fertilizantes, plaguicidas y plásticos. La industria generalmente se divide en tres componentes principales: flujo ascendente, medio y posterior. Operaciones de arreglárselas generalmente se incluyen en la categoría de aguas abajo.

UNIDAD IV

Project management is the discipline of planning, organizing, securing and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and objectives. It is sometimes conflated with program management, however technically that is actually a higher level construction: a group of related and somehow interdependent engineering projects.

A project is a temporary endeavor, having a defined beginning and end (usually constrained by date, but can be by funding or deliverables),[1] undertaken to meet unique goals and objectives,[2] usually to bring about beneficial change or added value. The temporary nature of projects stands in contrast to business as usual (or operations),[3] which are repetitive, permanent or semi-permanent functional work to produce products or services. In practice, the management of these two systems is often found to be quite different, and as such requires the development of distinct technical skills and the adoption of separate management.

. Marcadores de definición:
 As a; is the; I is sometimes; is a temporary ; is actually.

Project management has been practiced since early civilization. Until 1900 civil engineering projects were generally managed by creative architects and engineers themselves, among those for example Vitruvius (1st century BC), Christopher Wren (1632–1723) , Thomas Telford (1757–1834) and Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806–1859).[6] It was in the 1950s that organizations started to systematically apply project management tools and techniques to complex engineering projects.[7]

. Marcadores de Tiempo:

 Until 1900; 1st century BC; It was in the 1950s; that organizations started

UNIDAD I Y II

PARAGRAPH

Industrial engineers determined the most effective ways to use the basic factors of production; people, machines, materials, information, and energy to make a product or to provide a service. They’re the bridge between management goals and operational performance. They’re more concerned with increasing productivity through the management of people, methods of business organization, and technology than are engineers in other specialties, who generally work more with products or processes. Although most industrial engineers work in manufacturing industries, they may also work in consulting services, healthcare, and communications.

To solve organizational, production, and related problems most efficiently, the industrial engineer is carefully, study the product and its requirements synchronize, use mathematical methods such as operations research to meet those requirements, and design manufacturing and information systems. They develop management control systems to aid in financial planning and cost analysis and design production planning and control systems to coordinate activities and ensure product quality. They also design or improve systems for the physical distribution of goods and services. A precise Industrial engineer determines which plant location has the best combination of raw materials availability, transportation facilities, and costs. Industrial engineers use computers for simulations and to control various activities and devices, such as assembly lines and robots. They also develop wage and salary administration systems and job evaluation programs. Many industrial engineers move around management positions because the work is closely related.

Idea Principal:

The industrial engineer is carefully, study the product and its requirements synchronize, use mathematical methods such as operations research to meet those requirements, and design manufacturing and information systems.

Traducción:

Los ingenieros industriales determinan las formas más efectivas de usar los factores básicos de producción, personas, máquinas, materiales, información, energía y hacer un producto o prestar un servicio. Son el puente entre los objetivos de gestión y el rendimiento operativo. Ellos están más preocupados con el aumento de la productividad a través de la gestión del personal, métodos de organización empresarial, y la tecnología que son ingenieros de otras especialidades, que suelen trabajar más con los productos o procesos. Aunque la mayoría de los ingenieros industriales trabajan en la industria manufacturera, también pueden trabajar en servicios de consultoría, asistencia sanitaria, y las comunicaciones.

Para resolver la producción de la organización, y los problemas relacionados de modo más eficaz, el ingeniero industrial con cuidado, estudia el producto y sincroniza sus necesidades, utiliza los métodos matemáticos, tales como la investigación de operaciones para satisfacer esas necesidades, y sistemas de fabricación y diseño de información. Se desarrollan sistemas de control de gestión para ayudar en la planificación financiera y análisis de costes y planificación de la producción de diseño y sistemas de control para coordinar las actividades y garantizar la calidad del producto. También diseñan o mejoran los sistemas para la distribución física de bienes y servicios. Un preciso ingeniero industrial determina qué ubicación de la planta tiene la mejor combinación de disponibilidad de materias primas, medios de transporte y los costos. Los ingenieros industriales utilizan ordenadores para la simulación y el control de diversas actividades y dispositivos, tales como líneas de montaje y robots. También desarrollan sistemas de administración de sueldos y salarios y los programas de evaluación del trabajo. Muchos ingenieros industriales se mueven en torno a posiciones de gestión porque el trabajo está estrechamente relacionado.

Tres oraciones:

·         Industrial engineers determined the most effective ways to use the basic factors of production.

Nucleo: Industrial engineers

Frase nominal: the basic factors.

Frase Verbal: Industrial engineers determined.

Tiempo Verbal: Presente simple

·         Industrial engineers use computers for simulations and to control various activities and devices, such as assembly lines and robots.

Nucleo: Industrial engineers.

Frase nominal: use computers for simulations

Frase Verbal: Industrial engineers use

Tiempo Verbal: Presente simple.

·         Many industrial engineers move around management positions because the work is closely related.

Frase nominal: the work is closely related

Frase Verbal: Many industrial engineers move

Tiempo Verbal: Presente simple.

Pronombres demostrativos: Such

Conectores: and

Who, what, when, where: who

UNIDAD IV

Biography of Leonardo Torres Quevedo

Torres was born on 28 December 1852, on the Feast of the Holy Innocents, in Santa Cruz de Iguña, Molledo (Cantabria), Spain. The family resided for the most part in Bilbao, where Leonardo's father worked as a railway engineer, although they also spent long periods in his mother's family home in the Cantabrian Mountain. In Bilbao he studied to enter an advanced high school program and later spent two years in Paris to complete his studies. In 1870, his father was transferred, bringing his family to Madrid. The same year, Torres began his higher studies in the Official School of the Road Engineers' Corps. He temporarily suspended his studies in 1873 to volunteer for the defense of Bilbao, which had been surrounded by Carlist troops during the Third Carlist War. Returning to Madrid, he completed his studies in 1876, fourth in his graduating class.

He began his career with the same train company for which his father had worked, but he immediately set out on a long trip through Europe to get to know the scientific and technical advances of the day firsthand, especially in the incipient area of electricity. Upon returning to Spain, he took up residence in Santander where he financed his own work and began a regimen of study and investigation that he never abandoned. The fruit of these investigations appeared in his first scientific work in 1893. He married in 1885 and had eight children.

·         When was he born?

He was born on 28 December 1852

·         Where was he born?

He was born in Spain

·         When was he married?

He was married on 1885

·         When did he finish his career?

He did in 1876

UNIDAD III



All engineers work at planning, designing, implementing and controlling the systems that represent the way people use technology. The systems that are the subject of Industrial Engineering design are broad and are characterized by a need to integrate both the physical and decision making capabilities of humans together with all other aspects of the system design. Problems range from the design of a work method and work station, to the design of a factory layout and methods of controlling the flow of materials on the factory floor, to the design of an overall corporate plan involving materials procurement, production, inventory and distribution. The idea of a factory is also extended to include health care systems, municipal systems, transportation systems; in fact all the systems that are essential to the functioning of modern society. Systems that facilitate effective decision making and implementation in areas such as scheduling, inventory, and quality control are typical of industrial engineering.



    

·         De acuerdo al título y la imagen, ¿cuál cree usted que es el tópico que está a punto de leer?

Según lo mostrado por la imagen, podría decirse que es un profesor, explicándoles un grafico a sus alumnos.

·         ¿Cuál es la idea general del texto?

                 Habla acerca de la tecnología, y de cómo el ingeniero industrial representa la forma en que las personas hacen uso de la misma.

·         ¿Qué palabras se repiten?

Systems, design, work, factory, methods, controlling, materials.

·         ¿Que palabras se parecen al español?

Engineers: ingenieros

Systems: sistemas

Industrial: industrial

Humans: humanos

Problems: problemas

Materials: materials

Plan: plan

Production: produccion

Decision: decision

Control: control

·         ¿Cuáles son las palabras en negrita, el titulo, subtitulo o gráficos que te ayudan a entender el texto?

La imagen da una idea de lo que podría ser el texto, pero al leer el primer párrafo se ven las palabras “engineers”, “technology”, “systems”, y esto muestra que el texto es acerca de los ingenieros, los sistemas que usan para el máximo desarrollo de la tecnología.

·         ¿De qué trata el texto? Lee el primer párrafo y el último o la ultimas ideas del último párrafo.

Este habla acerca de la materia o la función que cumplen los ingenieros industriales, la capacidad de la toma de decisiones, de los planes en las fábricas.

TALLER UNIDADES 1 Y 2

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This new automated service provided by EZ-Filing, Inc. saves you time and money, operating as a virtual assistant, processing your incoming court notices. Serving bankruptcy attorneys for over two decades, EZ-Filing is experienced in delivering efficient and automated software solutions to bankruptcy firms coast-to-coast.
1. Selecciona un texto relacionado con tu área de interés. Identifica 3 palabras que no conoces. Agrega las abreviaciones.
- bankruptcy = Quiebra (A)
- sorting = Clasificación (A)
-  attorneys = Abogados (S)
2. Idea principal del texto (en español)
Este nuevo servicio de asesoramiento legal automatizado que ahorra tiempo y dienro, que opera como un asistente virtual, procesando sus avisos judiciales de entrada.
3. Identifica las siguientes categorías lexicales: (2 ejemplos por categoría)
    * Palabras de contenido: Service, filing
    * Palabras de Función: in their, disorganized
    * Verbos: unread
    * Adverbio: saves
    * Adjetivo: efficient
    * Artículo: the, an
    * Preposiciones: in
    * Conjunción:
    * Cognados verdaderos: automatically, importantly
    * cognados Falsos: saving, sorting
    * Sufijo:eliminating, importantly
    * Prefijos: disorganized, unread

B. Estructura de la oracion: (2 ejemplos)
 Frase nominal
   1. Nucleo de la frase nominal
   2. pre modificadores- post modificadores

    Oracion: This new automated service provided by EZ-Filing, Inc. saves you time and money, operating as a virtual assistant, processing your incoming court notices.
    FN: This new automated service provided by EZ-Filing, Inc.
    N: saves
    Premodificador: Automatically managing the sorting and filing of those notices, and most importantly,
    Postmodificador: you time and money.
 FV: saves you time and money
 Tiempo: Presente simple

    Oracion: Serving bankruptcy attorneys for over two decades, EZ-Filing is experienced in delivering efficient and automated software solutions to bankruptcy firms coast-to-coast. 
    FN: No tiene
    N: Serving
    Premodificador: No tiene    
    Postmodificador:   bankruptcy attorneys for over two decades.
    FV: Serving bankruptcy
    V: Serving
    Tiempo verbal: presente progresivo

Reflexión

Las clases de Ingles Instrumental me parecieron muy provechosas sobre todo las del laboratorio, la utilización de Blogs como cuadernos electrónicos muy buena herramienta para trabajar, las presentaciones, el buen uso que se le puede dar al diccionario, hoy en día puedo decir que perdí un poco el miedo para leer textos en ingles y tratare de continuar leyéndolos.

Agradezco el apoyo y colaboración de la Prof. Doris.

Durante todo el curso fue agradable trabajar en compañía de José Urdaneta.

MUCHAS GRACIAS A TODOS.....